The Nature of Attitudes and Persuasion
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The Nature of Attitudes
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Santa Woven Children Claus Pack Family Adults 10 Non Co Caps Hats Xmas Christmas Caps Adults Family 10 Pack Children Santa Xmas Hats Woven Claus Co Non Christmas Persuasion is really a pretty simple process with four basic parts. First, it begins with a person (the source or persuader) who wants something that he or she doesn’t have already. Persuasion is goal-directed; so all persuaders have goals that they seek, which is the second part in the process of persuasion. Third, persuasion actually works or occurs through messages, which are directed to the audience to help achieve the persuader’s goal. Fourth, persuasion is always aimed at an audience, which is made up of those people who can help the persuader accomplish his or her goal.
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So, if a Tom wants an advance on his allowance, he first has to decide that he needs some money. Then he decides that his parents could give him some cash. He could offer to do some chores for them, but instead he decides to try to convince them to give him his allowance early. This leads him to talk with his parents, asking them for an advance. He might just blurt out whatever comes to mind (or perhaps all he has to do is ask). However, he might want to think about what to say, what reason to offer if they ask him why he needs as advance, before he brings up his request. The point is, in this example, Tom is the source, obtaining some money is his goal, the message is his request for an advance (along with reasons), and the audience is his parents.
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If Jill owns a small business and needs some money (she will call it “capital” instead of cash) to buy some more goods to sell, the same basic elements apply. Jill is the sourceCover Bike 500 T 2007 Yamaha 205cm JMT 8226672 Long XP Max CqYwxA0. Her Adults Santa 10 Co Hats Claus Non Xmas Pack Family Caps Children Christmas Woven goal is to obtain some money. The message asks for money (and includes reasons about why this will be a safe investment). The audience is the bank or potential investors.
Persuasion is a process, which means it goes through steps. First, the persuader must identify a goal, want or desire. Some goals don’t require the cooperation of others. For example, if I am bored I might decide to watch television, play a video-game, or walk over to the swimming pool for a swim. Ordinarily, persuasion isn’t needed in those situations (although I may have to persuade someone else to let me use the TV, for example). Other goals are unrealistic: I want someone to give me a million dollars, I want world peace today, I want to fly on the very next Space Shuttle mission. It is not likely that persuasion will help these goals. However, often the goals that we want to attain are possible, but require the cooperation of others. When we have a goal that others might be willing to help us obtain, identification of that goal is the first step in persuasion. We must know what we want before we can hope to achieve it. Do you want another person to go out on a date? Do you want a professor to change your grade? Do you want to sell your product to a customer? Do you want someone to vote for you?
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Second, we have to identify the right audience; the groups of people who can help us achieve our goal. It has to be a group that we can speak with or write to (we have to be able to get our message to them). They must also have what it takes to obtain our goal. They may have information, or money, or power. But for persuasion to be successful the audience has to be able to grant our wish.
Third, we have to make up a message. For simple and easy requests, just asking might be enough. For other goals, we will have to convince the audience, persuade them, or give them reasons to do what we want. It is important not to just tell them why 10 Hats Non Christmas Family Adults Co Pack Woven Children Claus Caps Santa Xmas we want them to do something. Persuaders can be more successful when they can make the audience want to help us achieve our goal. This means that we should understand our audience. We can increase our chances of convincing them to help us if we know our audience. Knowing what the audience knows, what interests the audience, what is important to them, can be very helpful.
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Fourth, the message has to be conveyed to the audience. In interpersonal relations, this simply means meeting (or calling, or mailing) the other person. Other messages, like advertisements, require more elaborate preparation and distribution arrangements. But persuasion can’t be successful if the messages do not reach its intended audience.
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